Techniques And Principles
In Language Teaching
Charles
A. Curran's COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (unit 7)
|
1 goals of teachers |
* how to use L2 communicatively * T want their S - to learn about
their own Ling - to take increasing
responsibility for it - to learn how
to learn from one another |
5 S-T interaction |
* S-T mostly * sometimes S are assertive,other times T is very obviously in charge and providing direction * initially,T structures the class,later S assume more responsibility
for it * relationship with student is important * CLL method is T-S centered |
|
2 roles of teachers |
* T is counselor ( not mean T is therapist or T doesn’t teaching,means T recognize how threatening a new Ling can be for adult Lers ,so
T support his S ) |
6 S-S interaction
|
* S learn from their interaction
with each other * cooperation,not competition |
|
3 roles of students |
* initially,S depent upon T,then S independent by studying * CLL has 5 stages from dependency to interdependency -in
I,II,III ,T focus not only
on L,but also on being supportive of Lers in Ling process -in stage IV, T focus on accuracy because of S’s security in L. accuracy is in I,II,III but in IV accuracy
is subordinated to fluency.the reverse
is true in IV,V |
7 dealing with
S’s feelings |
* S feeling is very important in Counselling-Learning * T ask how they feel * T help S to overcome negative
feelings * S seurity is provided (T use S’s L1,respecting time limits,give S only L at a
time,take responsibility for structuring activities) |
|
4 characteristics of Ting & Ling process |
* S have a conversation using L1 * T help S to L2 translation in chunks * chunks are recorded,theyare replayed * L1 equivalents are written with
L2 * conversation become a text * various activities are conducted in text (grammar,pronunciation) * S are invited to say how they feel * Curran’s 6 elements for nondefensive learning 1- security 2- aggression 3- attention (not copy while I writing ) 4- reflection a- S
reflected on the L as T read
transcript 3 times b- S
stop and consider the active experience they were having 5- retention 6- discrimination (while in human computer technique) |
8 view of language |
* L is for communication * “learning is persons” means both T and S work at build trust in one another and Ling
process * at the beginning of process focus is on sharing and belonging
between persons through the L tasks * in supportive learning,L become creative and critical thinking |
Techniques And Principles
In Language Teaching
Charles
A. Curran's COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (unit 7)
|
9 view of culture |
* culture is an integral part of L Ling |
13 evaluation |
* S would be asked to write
a paragraph or be given an oral interview rather than being asked
to answer a question which deals with
only one point
of L at a time |
|
10 emphasis on areas of language |
* particular grammar points, pronunciation patterns and vocabulary are worked with
based on the L the S have generated |
14 T’s response to
Ss’s error |
* T should work with what
the Ler has produced in a nonthreatening way * T repeat correctly what S has said incorrectly without calling further attention to the error |
|
11 emphasis on language skills |
* the most important skills are understanding and speaking the L at the beginning,with reinforcement through reading and writing |
15 techniques |
* tape recording student conversation - S are in good position
to take responsibility for their own Ling - S’s conversation recorded and then replayed * transcription - T transcribes the S tape recorded L2 conversation on the board - if transcription uses as a poster,it increase S security * reflection on experience - reflect how S feel about L Ling experience,themselves as learners and their relationship
with one another - S give their reactions * reflective listening - S relax and listen to their own
voices speaking L2 on tape - another possible technique is for T to read transcript
while S listen * human computer - S choose part of transcript to practice pronouncing - T repeats phrase as often as S wants to practice
it - T
not correct the S’s mispronunciation - S self-correct * small group tasks - small group were
asked to make new sentences with the words
on the transcript - S work in pairs to make sentences - it allows S to get
know each other better (development of community) |
|
12 role of L1 |
* L1 used to provide a bridge from the
familiar to the
unfamiliar. * L1 used where possible * in later stages more and
more of L2 used,only a few
L1 used * meaning is made clear with
pantomime, pictures and
the use of L2 synonyms |
www.iolpgalerisi.com by Mustafa Baran