The Study
Of Language
Unit 13-Discourse Analysis
Interpreting discourse:(söylevi yorumlamak/anlamýný
açýklamak)
Cohesion:(Uyum içinde olma) or the ties and
connections.
Cohesive ties-----My father once bought
a Lincoln convertible.He did it by
saving every penny he could.That car would be worth a fortune nowadays.However,he sold it to
help pay form y college education.Sometimes I think I’d rather
have the convertible.
1-connections present here in the use of pronouns:father-he-he-he;my-my-I
2-lexical connections:a Lincoln convertible-that car-the convertible
3-the more general connections created by anumber
of terms which share a common element of meaning:(Money)bought-saving-penny-worth
a fortune-sold-pay (time)once-nowadays-sometimes
4-connector:However
5-connection between those events:
Coherence:(tutarlýlýk)
Speech events:
Conversational interaction: Completion point----by asking
aquestion
----by pausing at the end of a completed
syntactic structurelike a phrase and sentence
Conversational interaction:strategies------‘rudeness’(if one
speaker appears to cut in on another
speaker)-----‘shyness’(if one speaker
keeps waiting for an oppotunity to take a turn
and none seems to occur)===Turn-taking
‘log-wind’speakers,’holding the floor’(like
lecturers,politicians)==to avoid having
normalcompletion
‘keep the turn’to
avoid having those two indicators
occur together.
The co_operative principle:Four maxims-
Quantity:Make yourcontribution as informative
as is required,but not more,or less,than
is required
Quality:do not sa
that which you believe to
be false or for which you
lack evidence
Relation:be relevant
Manner:be clear,brief and orderly
Ýmplicature(an additional
conveyed meaning)concerning tonight’s activities
Ex:Carol:Are you coming
to the party
tonight?
Lara.I’ve got an exam tomorrow.
Background knowledge:
John was on his way
to school last friday.
He was really worried about the math
lesson.
Last week he had been unable
to control the class.
It was unfair of the math
teacher to leave him in charge.
After all,it
is not a normal part of a janitor’s
duties.
A schema:(a genral
term for a conventional knowledge structure which exist in memory)
..’supermarket’ schema
(food displayed on shelves,arranged in aisles,……….9
A script:(is essentially
a dynamic shema,in which a series of conventional actions takes place
..’Going to dentist’or’Going to the movies’script ‘Eating in a restaurant’
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