UNIT 1

Gravitate:v.be attracted by (-e hareket etmek,gitmek,çekilmek,yönelmek)

ideology:n.a set of ideas (ideoloji,düşünce)

incarnation:n.actualization (vücut bulma,canlanma)

totalitarian:adj.autocratic;despotic (totaliter,erktekelci)

undermine:v.weaken;impair (sarsmak,baltalamak,yıkmak,temelini çürütmek)

amnesty:n.pardon (genel af)

apartheid:n.segregation (ırk ayrımı)

brink:n.verge;edge (kenar,eşik)

confession:n.admission (itiraf,günah çıkarma)

reconciliation:n.conciliation (barışma,uzlaşma,barış)

revenge:n.vengeance;reprisal;retalitaion (öç,intikam)

suffocation:n.asphyxiation (boğulma)

testimony:n.affirmation (tanıklık,ifade)

bourgeoisie:n.the middle class (orta sınıf)

convoy:n.procession;group (konvoy)

cymbal:n.a brass plate (büyük zil)

destitute:adj.impoverished (yoksul,-den yoksun)

enclave:n.area within an area (yerleşim bölgesi,yabancı topraklarla çevrilmiş bölge)

exuberant:adj.enthusiastic (coşkun)

garland:v.decorate (çelenk giydirmek,çelenkle süslemek)

hype:n.propaganda

imperialism:n.domination (emperyalizm)

liaison:n.connection (bağlantı)

prodigiously:adv.enormously;immensely

sovereignty:n.authority (egemenlik,hakimiyet,bağımsızlık)

stipulate:v.specify (şart koşmak,öngörmek)

UNIT 2

Arc:n.part of a circle or any curved line (kavis,yay)

dormant:adj.asleep;inactive (hareketsiz,etkin olmayan,uykuda)

ferment:v.seethe (mayalamak,mayalanmak)

flimsy:adj.weak;frail;fragile (zayıf,güçsüz,çürük,dayanıksız)

glisten:v.shine;shimmer;glimmer;sparkle (parıldamak,parlamak)

inundate:v.overflow;swamp (sel basmak,iş,şikayet,müracaat vb.yağdırmak)

jade:n.a green stone (yeşimtaşı,yeşim)

locust:n.grasshopper (çekirge)

meager:adj.small in quantity (yetersiz,az,bereketsiz,zayıf,kıt)

provision:n.stock;supplies;store (sağlama,tedarik,erzak)

redundant:adj.superfluous (ihtiyaç fazlası,gereksiz;eleman,işçi vb.ihtiyaç fazlası)

relinquish:v.release;abandon (vazgeçmek,bırakmak,feragat etmek)

spew:v.vomit;eject (kusmak)

strangulate:v.strangle;throttle;choke (boğmak,sıkmak,dolaşımı engellemek)

swarm:v.crowd;throng (küme,sürü,kalabalık)

unremitting:adj.incessant,never relaxing or stopping (aralıksız,sürekli)

willow:n.a tree which grows near water (söğüt)

controversy:n.dispute;disagreement;debate (tartışma,anlaşmazlık,uyuşmazlık)

divisive:adj.dividing (bölücü)

infanticide:n.killing of babies (çocuk öldürmesi,çocuk katili)

notorious:adj.disreputable;infamous (kötü tanınmış,adı çıkmış,namlı)

legitimate:adj.rightful;lawful;proper (yasal,mantıklı,akla yatkın)

woo:v.charm (kur yapmak,desteğini kazanmaya çalışmak,elde etmeye çalışmak)

bespectacled:adj.wearing eyeglasses (gözlüklü)

chortle:v.laugh;chuckle (gülmek,kıkırdamak)

coolie:n.an unskilled Oriental worker (vasıfsız işçi)

craw:n.an animal's stomach (kursak)

diatribe:n.criticism;denunciation (uzun münakaşa)

eloquence:n.fluent and persuasive discourse (konuşma sanatı,güzel söz söyleme sanatı)

emphatic:adj.strong;forceful;positive (vurgulu,önemli)

exclusion:n.exception (çıkarma,çıkarılma,hariç tutma,dışlama)

gloat:v.enjoy;to feel joy [(over ile)şeytani bir zevkle bakmak/düşünmek)]

jovial:adj.cheerful;friendly (iyi huylu,arkadaş canlısı)

insidiously:adv.dangerously;treacherously (sinsice)

monologue:n.soliloquy;long speech by one person,eg in a play (monolog)

pastoral:adj.rural (pastoral,kırsal)

solicitous:adj.concerned (endişeli,kaygılı,meraklı,istekli)

titter:v.gigger;laugh (kıkırdamak,kıs kıs gülmek)

unmitigated:adj.unrelieved (dinmeyen,hafiflemeyen,azaltılmamış)

vicarious:adj.felt or experienced as if one were taking part in the experience or

feelings of another (vekil edilmiş,vekalet verilmiş,başkası için yapılan)

UNIT 3

Amendment:n.correction (değişiklik,düzeltme)

assimilate:v.absorb;digest (özümsemek,sindirmek,benimsemek,kaynaşmak)

curtail:v.abbreviate (kısmak,azaltmak)

designate:v.appoint;indicate (belirtmek,göstermek,işaret etmek,atamak)

every nook and cranny:every part of a place (köşe bucak)

punitive:adj.aiming to inflict punishment (cezayı gerektiren)

resolution:n.decision (azim,karar,çözüm)

shrug off:phr.v.get rid of (omuz silkmek)

congregation:n.assembly (cemaat,topluluk)

corsage:n.a small bunch of flowers (korsaj,çiçek buketi)

evoke:v.summon;call forth (anımsatmak,aklına getirmek,uyandırmak)

flighty:adj.skittish (havai,kararsız,değişken,maymun iştahlı)

rendition:n.portrayal;representation (icra,sunma,temsil)

cradle:n.a small bed for an infant (beşik)

segment:v.divide (bölmek)

attend to:phr.v.see to;deal with;take care of (ilgilenmek,bakmak,ele almak)

cherish:v.value;treasure;prize;hold dear (sevmek,şefkat göstermek,hatırasında

yaşatmak)

elusive:adj.ambiguous;evasive (yakalanması/bulunması zor,anımsanması zor,bir türlü

akla gelmeyen)

francophone:adj.French-speaking (Fransızca konuşan)

heritage:n.inheritance;legacy (miras,kalıt)

missionary:n.propagandist (misyoner)

prairie:n.grassland (bozkır)

province:n.region;area (eyalet,il,taşra)

trapper:n.hunter;one who traps animals for their furs (tuzakçı,avcı)

vitality:n.strength (hayatiyet,canlılık,dirilik)

vulnerable:adj.assailable;pregnable;vincible (kolay

incinir,hassas,korunmasız,savunmasız,zayıf)

warrant:v.approve;authorize (garanti etmek,yetki vermek,izin vermek)

UNIT 4:

Bagel:n.round bread with a hole in the middle (simit)

legume:n.bean (baklagiller)

mozzarella:n.a kind of Italian cheese

be on track:v.to do well (doğru yolda olmak)

pita:n.flat bread (sandviç ekmeği)

skimp:v.go easy on [(on ile)-den kısmak,tasarruf etmek,az harcamak,idareli kullanmak]

sparingly:adv.frugally;economically (tutmlu bir şekilde,idareli bi şekilde)

to go easy on:skimp (az kullanmak,aşırıya kaçmamak)

antioxidant:n.a chemical substance that inhabits oxidation (zehir gideren)

artery:n.vessel (atardamar,arter)

charismatic:adj.charishing (karizmatik,büyüleyici)

conspicuous:adj.obvious;remarkable (göze çarpan,çarpıcı,dikkat çekici)

coronary:adj.of or relating to the heart (kalple ilgili)

diabetes:n.a disease in which there is too much sugar in the blood (şeker

hastalığı,diyabet)

epidemiologist:n.a doctor that specialises in epidemic diseases (salgın hastalıklarla

ilgilenen hekim)

genetics:n.the study of mechanisms of heredity transmission and variation of

organizmal characteristics(genetik,kalıtımbilim)

life expectancy:n.life expectation (ortalama yaşam oranı)

longevity:n.a long duration of life (uzun yaşam)

pinnacle:n.peak;acme;crest;the highest point (en yüksek nokta,doruk,zirve)

robust:adj.vigoroust;strong (turp gibi,sağlam,sıhhatli,güçlü)

temperament:n.characteristic;personality (huy,tabiat,mizaç,yaradılış)

volatile:adj.changeable;inconstant (maymun iştahlı,değişken,kararsız)

UNIT 5

Advocate:n.a person who represents another (avukat)

bangle: n.a piece of jewellery in the form of a large ring of gold, silver, etc. worn

loosely around the wrist (cam halka)

forage:v. to search sth, esp food (yiyecek aramak)

languish::v. to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer sth unpleasant for a long

time (kötü bir şeye uzun bir süre maruz kalmak)

sanction:n. an offical order that limits trade, contact… (yaptırım)

scour:v. to search a place or thing thoroughly in orderv tofind sb/sth (taramak)

shantytown:n. an area in or near a town where poor people live shanties (varoş,

gecekondu)

shard:n. a piece of broken glass, metal, etc. (parça)

sludge:n. 1. thick, soft, wed mud or a substance that looks like it (kalın çamur

yığını)

2. industrial or human waste that has been treated.

specter:n. 1. ghost, soul (ruh)

2. boş beklenti

spindly:adj. very long and thin and not strong (uzun, ince ve güçsüz)

sweatshop:n. A place where people work for low wages in poor conditions (çok

çalışılan fakat az kazanılan iş yeri)

tannery: n. A place where animals skins are tanned and made into leather

(tabakhane)

tariff:n. 1.A tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country

(gümrük vergisi)

2. A list or fixed prices that are charged by a hotel or restaurant for

rooms, meals, etc., or by a company for a particular service (tarife)

threadbare:adj. (Of fabric, clothing, etc.) old and thin because it has been used a

lot (sefil, kıt kanaat)

tuberculosis:n.serious infectious disease that affects esp the lungs

(tüberküloz,verem)

anomaly:n.a thing,situation,etc.that is different from what is normal or expected

(anomali,sapaklık,anormal kişi,şey)

carbon monoxide:n.a poisonous gas formed when CARBON burns partly but not

completely.(karbonmonoksit)

census:n.official counting,esp of the population of a country(nüfus sayımı,sayım)

deem:v.consider (saymak,sanmak,zannetmek)

eradicate:v.put an end to(sth.bad) (yok etmek,kökünü kurutmak)

laborious:adj.needing great effort(yorucu,zahmetli,güç)

migrant worker:n.göçmen işçi

onerous:adj.needing effort;difficult (ağır,külfetli,güç,zahmetli)

packing plant:n.a plant where livestock are slaughtered and processed and packed as

meat products

peddle:v.go from house to house triying to sell(goods) (seyyar satıcılık yapmak)

sorghum:n.very small grain grown as food in tropical countries;the plant that produces

this grain (süpürge darısı)

taint:v.spoil by adding a bad quality (lekelemek,bozmak)

n.trace of a bad quailty (leke,ayıp,kusur)

vulnerable:adj.1-easily attacked (kolay yara alır)

2-(of a person)easily hurt or harmed;sensitive (savunmasız,korunmasız,

zayıf)

yank:v.pull(sth)suddenly and forcefully (birden hızla çekmek)

apparel:n.1-clothing,when it is being sold in shops/stores

2-(old-fashioned or formal)clothes,particularly those worn on a formal

occasion (giyim kuşam)

canonize:v.officially declare(sb)to be a saint(bir ölüyü aziz ilan etme)

crack down(on sb/sth):phr v.become more strict or severe(üstüne

gitmek,tutumunu sertleştirmek)

demote:v.reduce to a lower rank(rütbesini indirmek)

merit:v.deserve(hak etmek,layık olmak)

sinkhole:n.a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage

(especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof

smokescreen:n.1-cloud of smoke made to hide sth. which is happening.

2-explanation,etc designed to hide one's real intentions

subsistence:n.(means of)subsisting (geçim,varlık)

wretched:adj.1-very unhappy

2-causing great unhappiness

3-annoying  (perişan,berbat;kör olası,lanet olası)

UNIT 6

Aircraft carrier:n.warship with a long wide deck for aircraft (uçak gemisi)

dive bomb:v.(of an aircraft or its pilot)to dive steeply through the air and drop bombs

on sth. (savaş uçağından bomba bırakmak)

naval:adj.connected with the navy of a country (deniz kuvvetlerine ait)

pinpoint:n.exact time or position (doğru nokta)

Prince of Wales:n.Galler Prensi

repulse:v.repel (itmek,püskürtmek)

span:n.1-distance or part between the supports of an arch (genişlik,açıklık)

2-time from beginning to end (süre,müddet)

cumulus:n.a type of thick white cloud

military zone:n.military area (askeri bölge)

mission:n.1-(work done by a)group of people sent abroad

2-special work or duty (özel görev)

3-place where missionaries work (misyoner dergahı)

mute:adj.silent (sessiz)

n.1-(dated)dumb person (sağır)

stunned:adj.shocking (afallamış)

accusatory:adj.suggesting that you think sb has done sth wrong,blaming

(suçlayıcı,suçlayan)

adversary:n.enemy;opponent (rakip,hasım)

emotional baggage:n.duygusal yük

exhilarating:adj.very exciting and enjoyable (keyiflendirici,coşku veren)

fanatic:n.a person who is too enthusiastic about sth. (bağnaz,fanatik,...delisi)

foster:v.1-help(ideas,feelings)to grow or develop (teşvik etmek)

2-take care of(a child)without becoming his/her legal parent (evlatlık almak)

harrowing:adj.very distressing (üzücü,yürek parçalayıcı)

improvisational:adj.unplanned,spontaneous,to do or make sth. one hasn't prepared for

owing to an unexpected situation or sudden need. (doğaçlama)

incredulous:adj.not believing;showing disbelief (zor inanan,inanmaz,kuşkucu,güvensiz)

let it all hang out:v.to express your feelings freely (duygularını serbestçe ifade etmek)

memento:n.thing that is kept as a reminder of a person or event (yadigar)

mosque:n.a building in which Muslims worship (cami)

redouble:v.increase greatly (iki katına çıkarmak)

resiliency:n.1-the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth.

unpleasant,such as shock,injury,etc.

2-the ability of a substance to return to its original shape after it has been

bent,stretched or pressed  (esneklik,dayanıklılık,bünyesi sağlam olma)

vernacular:adj.the language spoken in a particular area or by a particular group,especially one that is not the official or written language (lehçe,şive,konuşma dili)

vindicate:v.1-free from blame or suspicion

2-show or prove the the truth,justice or validity of. (haklı

çıkarmak,doğruluğunu kanıtlamak,temize çıkarmak)

UNIT 7

anesthesia:n.1-the use of anaesthetic during medical operations.

                      2-(technical)the state of being unable to feel anything,especially pain

                      (anestezi)

appendicitis:n.a painful swelling of the appendix that can be very serious (apandisit)

apprentice:n.person learning a skilled apprentice (çırak)

                   v.make(sb)work as an apprentice

crucible:n.1-a pot in which substances are heated to high temperatures,metals are

              melted,etc.

                  2-(formal or literary)a place or situation in which people or ideas are tested

              severely,often creating sth new or exciting in the process

dormant:adj.not active (uyku halinde,aktif olmayan)

encroach:v.1-to begin to affect or use up too much sb's time,rights,personal life,

                   2-to slowly begin to cover more and more of an area  (tecavüz etmek,işgal

                   etmek,el uzatmak)

equatorial:adj.near the equator or typical of a country that is near the equator

                 (ekvatoral)

ferret out:v.find sth by searching thoroughly,discover (keşfetmek,bulmak)

filial:adj.connected with the way children behave towards their parents (evlada

        ilişkin,evlatla ilgili)

gaggle:n.a group of noisy people,mob (gürültülü kalabalık)

girdle:n.belt round the waist to keep clothes in position (kemer,kuşak,korse)

           v.surround (kuşatmak,etrafını çevirmek)

hypertension:n.blood pressure that is higher than is normal (yüksek tansiyon)

impetus:n.sth.that encourages a process to develop more quickly (teşvik,dürtü,şevk)

infusion:n.1-the act of adding sth to sth else in order to make it stronger or more

                  successful

                 2-a drink or medicine made by soaking herbs,etc.in hot water.

                 (aşılama,demlenme)

myriad:n.extremely large number,countless (çok büyük sayıda,sayısız)    

paramount:adj.having the greatest importance (en önemli,üstün,yüce)

pharmacology:n.the scientific study of drugs and their use in medicine. (eczacılık ilmi)

pinnacle:n.peak,summit,the highest point (zirve,doruk,tepe)

poultice:n.a soft substance spread on a cloth,sometimes heated,and put on the skin to

              reduce pain or swelling  [(yara lapası,lapa(yara için)]

stint:n.fixed amount of work,etc. (belli süreli iş)

thatched:adj.covered with a thatch (çatısı sazla kaplı,çatısı kamıştan yapılmış)

a no-brainer:beyinsiz

apocalyptic:adj.1-describing very serious damage and destruction in past or future

                         events  (vahiysel,gelecek ile ilgili)

                         2-like the end of the world

armageddon:n.1-(in the Bible)a battle between good and evil at the end of the world

                        2-a terrible war that could destroy the world (mahşer,müthiş savaş)

biosphere:n.the part of the earth's surface and atmosphere in which plants and animals

                 can live (biosfer)

blip:n.1-a bright light flashing on the screen of a piece of equipment,sometimes with a

           short high sound (bip sesi,vurma,çarpma,görüntü,radar)

           2-a change in process or situation,usually when it gets worse for a short time

           before it gets better;a temporary problem (sapma,aksama)

cutter:n.1-(usually in compounds) a person or thing that cuts (kesici alet)

dire:adj.terrible (korkunç,müthiş;ciddi)

float:n.1-light object that floats(often used to support a heavier object in water) (yüzme

           yastığı)

           2-low vehicle,esp one used for showing things in procession(tören alayında

           kullanılan süslü araba)

           3-amount of money used,esp by a shopkeeper to provide change (döner sermaye)

marauding:adj.going about searching for things to steal or people to attack

                  (yağmalama)

photosynthesis:n.the process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into

                          food using energy from sunlight (fotosentez)

rein:n.a long narrow strap for controlling a horse (dizgin)

teem:v.1-have sth. in great numbers [(with ile)dolu olmak,kaynaşmak)]

            2-(used with it)(of rain)fall very heavily (bardaktan boşanırcasına yağmak)

teeter:v.stand or move unsteadily (düşecek gibi olmak,sallanmak,sendelemek)

zooplankton:n.1-the animal variety

                        2-extremely small thing in the ocean

consensus:n.an opinion that all members of a group agree with (ortak karar,oy

                  birliği,anlaşma)

culprit:n.person who has done sth. wrong (suçlu,kabahatli)

discern:v.understand;see with one's eyes (ayırt etmek,farkına varmak)

emission:n.1-the production or sending out of light,heat,gas,etc.

                   2-gas,etc.that is sent out into the air (yayma,çıkarma)

endorse:v.1-approve of or support (sb/sth) publicly (onaylamak)

                  2-write one's name on the back of (a cheque) [(çek,fatura,vb.)ciro etmek]

                  3-(usu passive)record a driving offence on(a driving licence) [(sürücü

                  ehliyeti)trafik siciline geçmek)]

feasible:adj.that can be done (uygulanabilir)

fluctuate:v.1-(of a price or level)move up and down (inip kalkmak)

                  2-(of an attitude)change continually (değişmek)

fossil fuel:n.fuel such as coal or oil,that was formed over millions of years from the remains of animals or plants (fosil yakıtı)

meteorological:adj.hava durumuyla ilgili

methane:n.a gas without colour or smell,that burns easily and is used as fuel. (metan)

skeptical:adj.having doubts that a claim or statement is true or that sth will happen

                (şüpheli,bir şeye inanmaz)

spur:v.encourage(sb)to make greater efforts,etc. (teşvik etmek,sevk etmek)

hold with:(used in negative sentences or in questions) to agree with or approve of sth.

perish:v.1-be destroyed;die

              2-decay or rot (yok olmak,telef olmak)

suffice:be enough (yetmek,yeterli olmak)

UNIT 8

Accost:v.go up to and speak to(esp a stranger) (yanaşmak,hitap etmek)

aspire:v.have a strong desire to achieve sth. (hevesi olmak,gözü ...de olmak)

colonialism:n.policy of having colonies (sömürgecilik)

dispossess:v.take away property,etc from(sb). (malını elinden almak)

duct tape:n.a wide silvery adhesive tape intended to seal joints in sheet metal duct work

                but having many other uses

hassle:n.difficulty;trouble (bela,dert,sorun,mesele)

           v.annoy(sb)by continually asking him/her to do sth. (başının etini yemek,mesele

           çıkarmak)

hustler:n.1-a person who tries to trick sb into giving them money (aceleci,eli çabuk

             kimse,dolandırıcı)

                2-a prostitute (fahişe)

insulated:adj.protected with a material that prevents heat,sound,electricity,etc.from

                passing through (izole edeilmiş,yalıtılmış

lackey:n.1-a servant (uşak)

               2-a person who is treated like a servant or who behaves like one

               (dalkavuk,yağcı,yalaka)

luring:adj.attractive (çekici)

marvel:n.wonderful thing (harika)

             v.be very surprised at sth. (hayret etmek)

middle management:n.the people who are in charge of small groups of people and departments within a business organization but who are not involved in making important decisions that will affect the whole organization

patter:v.(make the) sound of quick light steps or taps (pıt pıt etmek,pıtır pıtır etmek)

           n.fast talk,eg of entertainers or salespeople (hızlı komik konuşma)

revelation:n.1-making known of sth secret

                     2-something(esp surprising)that is revealed (açığa vurma,ifşa)

swindle:v.get(money,etc)from(sb)by cheating (dolandırmak)

              n.act of swindling (dolandırıcılık)

trinket:n.small ornament,act of little value (incik boncuk,değersiz ziynet)

banality:n.the quality of being banal;things,remarks,etc.that are banal

             (bannallık,bayağılık,adilik)

despise:v.strongly dislike becauseone considers as not important or of no value (nefret

              etmek;hor görmek)

mimick:v.1-copy(sb/sth)in a mocking or amusing way

                2-(of things)very like(sth)

rubbish:n.1-waste material (çöp)

                 2-nonsense (saçma,aptalca)

superficial:adj.1-of or on the surface only (yüzeysel,yüzeyde olan)

                        2-not thorough or deep (yüzeysel,üstünkörü,yarım yamalak)

unashamed:adj.feeling no shame or embarrassment about sth or about sth you have

                   done,especially when people might expect you to (utanmaz)

unashamedly:adv.utanmazca

ardent:adj.very enthusiastic (ateşli,gayretli,çoşkulu,hevesli)

arid:1-(of land)very dry (kuru,kurak,çorak)

       2-dull;uninteresting (ilgi çekmeyen,sıkıcı)

aridity:n.kuruluk,kuraklık,çoraklık,cansızlık

army fatigues:n.savaş yorgunluğu

crew cut:n.a style of hair for men in which the hair is cut very short (asker traşı,alabros

               traş)

dispel:v.cause to vanish (defetmek,gidermek)

gawky:adj.(esp of a tall person)awkward and clumsy (beceriksiz ve sakar)

gubernatorial:adj.connected with the job of state governor in the US (valinin,valiye ait)

hail:v.call out to(sb),in order to attract attention [(birini çağırmak)

       seslenmek,selamlamak]

homogenized:adj.(of milk)treated so that the cream and the milk are evenly mixed

                      (homojenleştirilmiş)

incongruous:adj.out of place (uygunsuz,aykırı)

logistics:n.the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan

               successful when a lot of people and equipment is involved. (lojistik)

noncommittal:adj.not expressing an opinion or decision clearly (rengini belli

                       etmeyen,politik)

outpost:n.1-(soldiers at an)observation post for from the main army

                2-distant settlement

rarefied:adj.1-(of an air)containing less oxygen and less dense than usual [(hava)yoğun

                    olmayan,oksijeni az]

                    2-very grand;exclusive (seçkin,yüksek)

reckon:v.1-think;consider (düşünmek)

                2-calculate roughly;guess (tahmin etmek)

                3-add up (toplamak)

reclaim:v.1-ask for(sth)to be given back (geri almak,talep etmek)

                2-make(land)suitable for use (araziyi kullanılır duruma getirmek)

reclamation:n.1-geri isteme,iadesini isteme

                       2-yeniden kullanma,tarıma uygunlaştırma,arazi kazanma

resolute:adj.determined;firm (azimli,kararlı)

scoff:v.say disrespectful things(of) [(at ile)alay etmek,alaya almak]

slink:v.move as if one does not want to be seen or is ashamed (sıvışmak,tüymek;sinsice ,

         sokulmak)

stave off:phr.v.delay(danger,etc.) (geçiştirmek,savuşturmak)

steppe:n.a large area of land with grass but few trees,esp in SE Europe and Siberia

            (bozkır,step)

stoic:n.a person who suffers without complaint (acıya dayanıklı,sabırlı)

unrepentant:adj.showing no shame about your actions or beliefs (pişman

                     olmayan,tövbe etmez)

wacky:adj.funny or amusing in a slightly crazy way (çılgın,uçuk kaçık)

UNIT 9

A.k.a:also known as

arcane:adj.secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand (gizli,sır

            dolu,esrarlı)

corral:v.drive(cattle,etc)into or enclose in a corral (ağıl,etrafı çevrili yer,konak yeri)

fanfare:n.a short loud piece of music that is played to celebrate sb/sth important

            arriving (tören borusu,giriş müziği,trampet temposu)

gridlock:n.1-a situation in which there are so many cars in the streets of a town that the traffic cannot move at all.

                  2-(usually in politics)a situation in which people with different opinions are not able to agree with each other and so no action can be taken

guzzle:v.eat or drink greedily (hapır hupur yemek,höpür höpür içmek)

hapless:adj.not lucky;unfortunate (talihsiz,bedbaht)

mar:v.spoil (bozmak,lekelemek)

nondescript:adj.ordinary;uninteresting (sıradan,kişiliksiz)

novocaine:n.a kind of substance which is used especially in dental treatments in order to numb

opine:think (düşünmek)

propel:v.move or push forward;drive (ileri doğru itmek,hareket ettirmek)

allege:v.state(sth)as a fact but without proof (iddia etmek)

aleegedly:adv.sözüm ona,iddia edildiğine göre

amorphous:adj.having no definite shape,form or structure (şekilsiz,özelliksiz,biçimsiz)

component:n.any of the parts of which sth is made [(makine,vb.)parça;bileşen]

dumpster:n.a large open container for putting old bricks,rubbish/garbage,etc.in

monopolize:v.get or keep complete control of (tekeline almak)

prod:v.1-push(sb/sth)with one's finger or a pointed object (dürtmek,dürtüklemek)

            2-urge(sb)to do sth (kışkırtmak,özendirmek,gaz vermek)

strew:v.1-to cover a surface with things

             2-to be spread or lying over a surface (serpmek,saçmak,yaymak)

weld:v.join(pieces of metal)together,when the metal is hot (kaynak yaparak

         birleştirmek)

         n.welded joint (kaynak)

dart:v.to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction (fırlatmak,atmak)

darting:n.kargı

dashboard:n.board below the windscreen in a car,with a speedometer,etc. [(araba)

                  kontrol paneli]

diesel fuel:n.a type of heavy oil used as a fuel instead of petrol/gas (dizel,mazot)

durable:adj.lasting for a long time (dayanıklı,sağlam)

hassle:n.difficulty;trouble (bela,dert,sorun,mesele)

           v.annoy(sb)by continually asking him/her to do sth (başının etini yemek,mesele

           çıkarmak)

savvy:n.practical knowledge or understanding of sth.

           (ustalık,beceriklilik,anlayış,kavrayış)

           adj.having practical knowledge and understanding of sth;having COMMON

           SENSE (bilmak,anlamak,çakmak)

upholster:v.provide(a seat)with padding,springs,covering material,etc

                 (döşemek,kumaşla kaplamak)

yuppie:n.young professional person ,esp one who is ambitious and earns a lot of money

            (yupi,başarılı genç işadamı/kadını)

brainchild:n.person's original idea (buluş,parlak fikir)

bumper:n.bar on the front and back of a motor vehicle to protect it from demage

              [(motorlu araçlarda)tampon]

              adj.unusually large (bereketli,bol)

capsule:n.compartment for people or instruments in a spacecraft (kapsül,kapak,çanak)

inclement:adj.(of the weather)not pleasant;cold,wet,etc. [(hava)sert,soğuk,fırtınalı]

nurture:v.1-care for and educate(a child)

                 2-encourage the growth of  (bakmak,büyütmek,yetiştirmek,beslemek)

retract:v.1-take back(a statement,offer,etc). [(sözünü)geri almak]

               2-draw(sth)in or back (geri çekmek,içeri çekmek)

spoiler:n.1-a part of an aircraft's wing that can be raised in order to interrupt the flow

                of air over it and so slow the aircraft's speed (hava deflektörü,hız kesici

                kanat,uçak fren kanadı)

                2-a raised part on a fast car that prevents it from being lifted off the road

                when travelling very fast

stabilizer:n.a device that keeps sth steady,esp one that stops an aircraft or a ship from

                rolling to one side (dengeleme aygıtı,stabilizatör)

trophy:n.1-prize given for winning a competition (yarışmacıya verilen ödül)

               2-something kept as a reminder of a victory or success (ganimet,zafer hatırası)

UNIT 10

Anarchist:n.a person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary

                 (anarşist)

cornucopia:n.1-a decorative object shaped like an animal's horn,shown in art as full of

                   fruit and flowers (boynuz biçimli süsleme,bereket simgesi sayılan meyve

                   vb.dolu boynuz)

         &n